發布時間:2023/9/12 16:51:52 瀏覽(lan):
篩(shai)分機(ji)械(xie)工作原理:
(1)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)篩(shai)工作部(bu)分(fen)(fen)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)不動(dong)(dong),靠物(wu)料沿(yan)工作面滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)而使物(wu)料得到篩(shai)分(fen)(fen)。固定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)篩(shai)是在選(xuan)礦廠應用(yong)(yong)較多的一(yi)種,一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于(yu)粗碎或中碎之(zhi)前的預(yu)先篩(shai)分(fen)(fen)。它結(jie)構簡(jian)單,制造方便。不耗(hao)動(dong)(dong)力、可以(yi)直接把礦石卸到篩(shai)面上。主要(yao)缺點是生產率(lv)低、篩(shai)分(fen)(fen)效率(lv)低,一(yi)般只有50—60% 。
(2)圓筒(tong)(tong)篩工作(zuo)部分(fen)為圓筒(tong)(tong)形,整個(ge)篩子繞(rao)筒(tong)(tong)體軸(zhou)線回轉(zhuan),軸(zhou)線在一(yi)(yi)般情況下裝成不大的(de)傾角。物(wu)(wu)料(liao)從(cong)圓筒(tong)(tong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)端給(gei)入,細級別物(wu)(wu)料(liao)從(cong)筒(tong)(tong)形工作(zuo)表面的(de)篩孔通過,粗(cu)粒物(wu)(wu)料(liao)從(cong)圓筒(tong)(tong)的(de)另一(yi)(yi)端排出。圓筒(tong)(tong)篩的(de)轉(zhuan)速很低、工作(zuo)平(ping)穩、動力平(ping)衡好。但(dan)是(shi)其篩孔易堵塞、篩分(fen)效率(lv)低,工作(zuo)面積小,生產(chan)率(lv)低。選礦廠(chang)很少(shao)用它來作(zuo)篩分(fen)設備。
(3)圓振動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)是利用(yong)振動(dong)(dong)器(qi)中的(de)偏心(xin)塊旋轉產生離心(xin)力,使篩(shai)箱(xiang)、振動(dong)(dong)器(qi)等可動(dong)(dong)部分(fen)作強制的(de)連續(xu)的(de)圓或近似圓的(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)。物料(liao)則(ze)隨篩(shai)箱(xiang)在傾斜的(de)篩(shai)面上(shang)作連續(xu)拋(pao)擲運(yun)動(dong)(dong);拋(pao)起時(shi)(shi)分(fen)層(ceng);落(luo)下時(shi)(shi)顆(ke)粒透篩(shai)。
(4)直線振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)在礦山工(gong)業中廣(guang)泛應用(yong)。其結構緊(jin)湊(cou),振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)參(can)數合理,運(yun)動(dong)(dong)平穩,有(you)較高的(de)篩(shai)分(fen)和脫水效率。在選煤(mei)廠(chang),常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)煤(mei)炭(tan)的(de)脫泥、脫水、脫介和篩(shai)分(fen)作業。直線振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)的(de)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)是采用(yong)簡式振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)器(qi),規(gui)格齊全,性能穩定(ding)。
(5)等厚(hou)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)法也叫大厚(hou)度篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)法,由(you)于(yu)等厚(hou)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)機的(de)形(xing)狀有點(dian)(dian)象(xiang)香蕉,因(yin)此(ci)也稱(cheng)為香蕉篩(shai)(shai)(shai)。其原(yuan)理(li)是根據篩(shai)(shai)(shai)面上的(de)物料(liao)群運動(dong)的(de)理(li)論(lun)開發的(de)一(yi)種高效篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)技術。特(te)點(dian)(dian)是不管(guan)入料(liao)中(zhong)小于(yu)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)孔的(de)顆粒(li)所占的(de)百分(fen)(fen)比如何,在篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)過程中(zhong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)面上的(de)物料(liao)層的(de)厚(hou)度保持不變或遞增:而普(pu)通篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)法在篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)過程中(zhong),篩(shai)(shai)(shai)面上物料(liao)層的(de)厚(hou)度都是遞減。因(yin)此(ci),等厚(hou)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)法可成倍地提高篩(shai)(shai)(shai)機的(de)處理(li)能力。
(6)滾軸篩工(gong)作面是由橫向(xiang)排(pai)列(lie)的(de)一根根滾動軸構成的(de),軸上有盤(pan)子(zi)(zi),細粒物料(liao)就從滾軸或盤(pan)子(zi)(zi)間的(de)縫(feng)隙通過。大塊物料(liao)由滾軸帶動向(xiang)一端移動并從末端排(pai)出。選(xuan)礦廠一般很(hen)少用這種篩子(zi)(zi)。
(7)共(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)篩(shai)(shai)都在遠離(li)共(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)狀態(tai)(tai)范圍(wei)動(dong)(dong)作,以保持工作狀態(tai)(tai)的(de)穩(wen)定。共(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)篩(shai)(shai)反之,是有(you)效利用設備的(de)固有(you)頻率(lv),在接近共(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)狀態(tai)(tai)下工作,因此(ci)消耗的(de)動(dong)(dong)力極(ji)少。由于共(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)篩(shai)(shai)結構比較(jiao)復雜,調整麻煩,故(gu)障率(lv)高,另外在結構強(qiang)度方(fang)面的(de)問題很多,所以從20世紀80年代開(kai)始(shi),在我國礦山(shan)工業中,已很少推廣采用。
(8)概(gai)率(lv)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)機是以(yi)概(gai)率(lv)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)理論為基礎,迅速實現篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)過程。特點:篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)孔(kong)不易堵塞(sai),便(bian)于維修;篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)精度低;由(you)于篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面長度對透篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)概(gai)率(lv)影響很小,就可以(yi)減短(duan)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面長度,設備質量也輕(qing);由(you)于該(gai)類型篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)運用概(gai)率(lv)原理進行(xing)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen),篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)孔(kong)尺寸較大,因此,只(zhi)適用于物料(liao)的近似(si)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen),篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)下(xia)產品(pin)中往(wang)往(wang)含有少量的粗顆粒,不能(neng)獲(huo)得高篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)效率(lv)。
(9)搖(yao)動篩(shai)(shai)(shai)應用于礦(kuang)物的分級(ji)、脫水(shui)和(he)脫介。搖(yao)動篩(shai)(shai)(shai)的篩(shai)(shai)(shai)箱由(you)4根(gen)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)桿(gan)(gan)或彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)鉸接支(zhi)(zhi)桿(gan)(gan)來(lai)(lai)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng),用偏(pian)心軸(zhou)和(he)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)來(lai)(lai)傳動。由(you)于支(zhi)(zhi)桿(gan)(gan)是傾斜安裝,所以篩(shai)(shai)(shai)箱具有(you)向上(shang)和(he)向前的加速度,使物料不斷地從(cong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)面上(shang)拋起(qi),使小(xiao)于篩(shai)(shai)(shai)孔(kong)人顆粒透篩(shai)(shai)(shai),同時把物料向前輸送。
(10)高(gao)頻振(zhen)(zhen)動篩(shai)(shai)(shai)、電磁振(zhen)(zhen)動篩(shai)(shai)(shai)主要用(yong)于細顆粒物料的(de)(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen),特(te)別是對1mm以下(xia)的(de)(de)物料的(de)(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen),比普通篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)機(ji)有(you)更高(gao)的(de)(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)效率。采用(yong)高(gao)頻細篩(shai)(shai)(shai)代替結構笨重的(de)(de)螺旋分(fen)(fen)級(ji)機(ji),已取得了較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)效果(guo)。
(11)平面運(yun)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)機體是一個平面內擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)或振動(dong)(dong)。按其平面運(yun)動(dong)(dong)軌跡又分為(wei)直(zhi)線運(yun)動(dong)(dong)、圓周運(yun)動(dong)(dong)、橢(tuo)圓運(yun)動(dong)(dong)和(he)復雜(za)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)。搖動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)和(he)振動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)屬于(yu)這一類。