發布時(shi)間(jian)：2023/9/10 16:06:15 瀏(liu)覽：

篩(shai)分機(ji)俗(su)稱篩(shai)子。篩(shai)子的(de)種類(lei)繁多，一般(ban)按篩(shai)面的(de)結構形式和運動形式將其分為以下幾種類(lei)型：

固定篩：

固(gu)定篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)是最簡(jian)單、也是最古老的(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)機械，篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面(mian)由許多(duo)平行排列(lie)的(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)條(tiao)(tiao)構(gou)成，排列(lie)的(de)方向(xiang)與篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)上(shang)料流的(de)方向(xiang)相同或(huo)垂直。篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面(mian)成水(shui)(shui)平安(an)裝（脫水(shui)(shui)時(shi)）或(huo)傾斜安(an)裝，工(gong)作時(shi)固(gu)定不動，物料靠自重沿篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面(mian)下滑而篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)。固(gu)定篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)為固(gu)定篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)格(ge)和(he)條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)二(er)種。格(ge)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)孔(kong)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)為方形(xing)或(huo)圓形(xing)，條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)孔(kong)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)為篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)縫；篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面(mian)角度一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)為25度至85度之間(jian)。前(qian)者篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)條(tiao)(tiao)較(jiao)粗、篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)縫較(jiao)大（一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)≥25 mm），用于粗粒級(ji)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)；后(hou)者篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)條(tiao)(tiao)較(jiao)小(xiao)（一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)0.25～1 mm），用于料漿的(de)初(chu)步脫水(shui)(shui)。固(gu)定格(ge)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)是在選礦(kuang)廠應用較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)一(yi)(yi)種，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)用于粗碎或(huo)中(zhong)碎之前(qian)的(de)預先篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)。它結構(gou)簡(jian)單，制造方便(bian)。不耗動力、可以直接把(ba)礦(kuang)石卸(xie)到篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面(mian)上(shang)。主要(yao)缺點是生產率(lv)(lv)低、篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)(fen)效率(lv)(lv)低，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)只有 50～60% 。

弧形篩和旋流篩屬于新型固定篩。弧形篩篩面沿篩上料流方向呈圓弧形，篩條與篩上料流方向垂直；旋流篩的篩面是圓錐形，篩條近似與母線平行。它們可用于料漿的初步脫水、脫泥或脫介，工作時皆利用料漿沿篩面運動時產生的離心力強化篩分。
固定篩構造簡單(dan)，壽命長(chang)，尤其不消耗動力，沒有運(yun)動部件，設備成(cheng)本(ben)和使用成(cheng)本(ben)低。因此，雖然生產(chan)能力和篩分效(xiao)率較(jiao)低，但仍在廣泛使用。

滾動篩：

滾筒(tong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)的(de)工作(zuo)部分為圓(yuan)柱(zhu)面(mian)(mian)或圓(yuan)錐面(mian)(mian)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)筒(tong)，沿(yan)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)筒(tong)的(de)對(dui)稱軸線裝有轉軸，整個篩(shai)(shai)(shai)子繞筒(tong)體軸線回轉，軸線在一(yi)般(ban)情況下(xia)裝成不大的(de)傾角。圓(yuan)錐面(mian)(mian)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)筒(tong)水平(ping)(ping)安裝，物(wu)料(liao)(liao)從(cong)(cong)圓(yuan)筒(tong)的(de)小(xiao)端給入，并(bing)隨篩(shai)(shai)(shai)筒(tong)旋(xuan)轉被(bei)帶起(qi)，當達到一(yi)定高度時，因受(shou)重力作(zuo)用自行(xing)落(luo)(luo)下(xia)，細級別物(wu)料(liao)(liao)從(cong)(cong)筒(tong)形工作(zuo)表面(mian)(mian)的(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)孔通過，粗粒(li)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)從(cong)(cong)圓(yuan)筒(tong)的(de)另一(yi)端排出(chu)，如此不斷起(qi)落(luo)(luo)運動實現物(wu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分。圓(yuan)筒(tong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)的(de)轉速很(hen)低、工作(zuo)平(ping)(ping)穩、動力平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)好。但是其篩(shai)(shai)(shai)孔易堵塞(sai)變(bian)型、篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分效率低，工作(zuo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)小(xiao)，生產率低，可用于粗、中粒(li)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分和脫(tuo)水。選礦(kuang)廠很(hen)少用它來(lai)作(zuo)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分設備。

振動篩：

振動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)結構由四(si)部分組(zu)成(cheng)，高(gao)頻振動(dong)(dong)電機(ji)、一(yi)級固定格(ge)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)和二級分級固定格(ge)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、振動(dong)(dong)彈(dan)簧及機(ji)殼。支(zhi)承或吊掛篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)箱采用(yong)的是(shi)彈(dan)簧組(zu)件，篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)箱的振動(dong)(dong)依靠激(ji)振器。振動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)是(shi)一(yi)個彈(dan)性振動(dong)(dong)系統，其振幅受給料量和其他動(dong)(dong)力學(xue)因素(su)的影響(xiang)而可(ke)以改變(bian)。振動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)運動(dong)(dong)特點是(shi)頻率(lv)(lv)高(gao)、振幅小，篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面傾斜度與篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)率(lv)(lv)成(cheng)反正(zheng)，篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面傾斜度越大流動(dong)(dong)速度越快，物(wu)料在篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)面上作跳(tiao)躍(yue)運動(dong)(dong)，因而生(sheng)產率(lv)(lv)和篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)都較高(gao)。振動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)適用(yong)于選煤(mei)廠的各(ge)種篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)分作業，種類很多。

采用振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)原(yuan)理(li)的有：直(zhi)線振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、水平振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、搖動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、偏心(xin)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、旋轉(zhuan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、圓振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、香蕉(jiao)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、概(gai)率(lv)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)等(deng)等(deng)。按其傳動(dong)(dong)機構的不同，又可以分為(wei)以下幾(ji)種：偏心(xin)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、慣性(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、自定中心(xin)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)、共振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)。

共振(zhen)(zhen)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)也曾被大(da)量使用，但因其結(jie)構(gou)復雜、工作穩定性(xing)差、調整困難(nan)、維修量大(da)等缺點，已不再(zai)制(zhi)造。橢圓(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)的(de)(de)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)分(fen)效果較(jiao)好，但結(jie)構(gou)復雜，應(ying)用不多。限(xian)定中(zhong)心式圓(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)，俗稱偏心式振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)、半(ban)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)或陀旋篩(shai)(shai)(shai)，工作時(shi)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)子中(zhong)部作圓(yuan)周(zhou)運動(dong)，給、排料(liao)端(duan)作橢圓(yuan)運動(dong)，其主(zhu)要(yao)缺點是(shi)傳給地(di)基的(de)(de)動(dong)負荷較(jiao)大(da)，另外需要(yao)曲軸(zhou)和較(jiao)多的(de)(de)軸(zhou)承，結(jie)構(gou)復雜，已經被淘汰。偏心軸(zhou)式自(zi)定中(zhong)心圓(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)篩(shai)(shai)(shai)的(de)(de)曲軸(zhou)制(zhi)造成本較(jiao)高，因此這種篩(shai)(shai)(shai)子很少制(zhi)造。